Understanding Gum Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Introduction
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is one of the most common yet overlooked dental health issues affecting adults. It starts as a mild inflammation of the gums but can progress into a serious condition that leads to tooth loss and impacts your overall health if left untreated. Fortunately, with proper care and early intervention, gum disease is preventable and treatable.
In this post, we’ll break down everything you need to know about gum disease—its causes, signs, treatment options, and how to prevent it from harming your smile.
Illustration: Stages of Gum Disease (Image not available in current environment)
What Is Gum Disease?
Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that support your teeth. It begins with plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on the teeth due to poor oral hygiene. If plaque is not removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, which further irritates the gums and leads to inflammation.
There are two main stages:
- Gingivitis: Early stage, reversible.
- Periodontitis: Advanced stage, may cause tooth loss.
What Causes Gum Disease?
- Gum disease is primarily caused by bacterial plaque. Risk factors include:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Tobacco use
- Genetics
- Diabetes
- Hormonal changes
- Dry mouth from medications
- Misaligned teeth or poor restorations
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
- Common symptoms:
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Bad breath
- Receding gums
- Loose teeth
- Pain when chewing
Why Gum Disease Matters Beyond Your Mouth
- Research links gum disease to:
- Heart disease
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Respiratory infections
- Pregnancy complications
How Is Gum Disease Treated?
Treatment options vary by severity:
Preventing Gum Disease
- To prevent gum disease:
- Brush twice a day
- Floss daily
- Visit your dentist regularly
- Avoid tobacco
- Eat a balanced diet
- Manage chronic health issues
